NATURA 2000 - STANDARD DATA FORM
For Special Protection Areas (SPA),
Proposed Sites for Community Importance (pSCI),
Sites of Community Importance (SCI) and
for Special Areas of Conservation (SAC)
| SITE | GR2450002 |
|---|
| SITENAME | OROS GKIONA |
|---|
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. SITE IDENTIFICATION
Back to top1.1 Type
1.2 Site code
1.3 Site name
1.4 First Compilation date
1.5 Update date
1.6 Respondent:
| Name/Organisation: | Υπουργείο Περιβάλλοντος και Ενέργειας |
| Address: |
|
| Email: | |
1.7 Site indication and designation / classification dates
| Date site proposed as SCI: | 1996-08 |
| Date site confirmed as SCI: | 2006-09 |
| Date site designated as SAC: | 2011-03 |
| National legal reference of SAC designation: | Law 3937/29-3-11 (OJ 60 A) |
2. SITE LOCATION
Back to top2.1 Site-centre location [decimal degrees]:
| Longitude: | 22.280607 |
| Latitude: | 38.612828 |
2.2 Area [ha]
2.3 Marine area [%]
2.4 Sitelength [km] (optional):
No information provided
2.5 Administrative region code and name
|
NUTS level 2 code
|
Region Name
|
|---|
| GR24 | Sterea Ellada |
2.6 Biogeographical Region(s)
3. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Back to top3.1 Habitat types present on the site and assessment for them
|
Annex I Habitat types
|
Site assessment
|
|---|
|
Code
|
PF
|
NP
|
Cover [ha]
|
Cave [number]
|
Data quality
|
A|B|C|D
|
A|B|C
|
|---|
| | | | | | | Representativity | Relative Surface | Conservation | Global |
|---|
3240
|
|
| 27.035
| 0.00
| G
| A
| A
| A
| B
|
| 3290
|
|
| 0
| 0.00
| G
|
|
|
|
|
| 4090
|
|
| 3486.56
| 0.00
| G
| A
| B
| A
| A
|
| 5210
|
|
| 3721.06
| 0.00
| G
| A
| B
| A
| A
|
| 6230
|
X
|
| 260.403
| 0.00
| G
| A
| C
| A
| A
|
| 8140
|
|
| 57.3622
| 0.00
| G
| A
| C
| A
| B
|
| 8210
|
|
| 789.013
| 0.00
| G
| A
| B
| A
| A
|
| 92C0
|
|
| 16.776
| 0.00
| G
| A
| C
| A
| B
|
| 9560
|
X
|
| 2234.96
| 0.00
| G
| B
| A
| B
| B
|
- PF: for the habitat types that can have a non-priority as well as a priority form (6210, 7130, 9430) enter "X" in the column PF to indicate the priority form.
- NP: in case that a habitat type no longer exists in the site enter: x (optional)
- Cover: decimal values can be entered
- Caves: for habitat types 8310, 8330 (caves) enter the number of caves if estimated surface is not available.
- Data quality: G = 'Good' (e.g. based on surveys); M = 'Moderate' (e.g. based on partial data with some extrapolation); P = 'Poor' (e.g. rough estimation)
3.2 Species referred to in Article 4 of Directive 2009/147/EC and listed in Annex II of Directive 92/43/EEC and site evaluation for them
- Group: A = Amphibians, B = Birds, F = Fish, I = Invertebrates, M = Mammals, P = Plants, R = Reptiles
- S: in case that the data on species are sensitive and therefore have to be blocked for any public access enter: yes
- NP: in case that a species is no longer present in the site enter: x (optional)
- Type: p = permanent, r = reproducing, c = concentration, w = wintering (for plant and non-migratory species use permanent)
- Unit: i = individuals, p = pairs or other units according to the Standard list of population units and codes in accordance with Article 12 and 17 reporting (see reference portal)
- Abundance categories (Cat.): C = common, R = rare, V = very rare, P = present - to fill if data are deficient (DD) or in addition to population size information
- Data quality: G = 'Good' (e.g. based on surveys); M = 'Moderate' (e.g. based on partial data with some extrapolation); P = 'Poor' (e.g. rough estimation); VP = 'Very poor' (use this category only, if not even a rough estimation of the population size can be made, in this case the fields for population size can remain empty, but the field "Abundance categories" has to be filled in)
3.3 Other important species of flora and fauna (optional)
- Group: A = Amphibians, B = Birds, F = Fish, Fu = Fungi, I = Invertebrates, L = Lichens, M = Mammals, P = Plants, R = Reptiles
- CODE: for Birds, Annex IV and V species the code as provided in the reference portal should be used in addition to the scientific name
- S: in case that the data on species are sensitive and therefore have to be blocked for any public access enter: yes
- NP: in case that a species is no longer present in the site enter: x (optional)
- Unit: i = individuals, p = pairs or other units according to the standard list of population units and codes in accordance with Article 12 and 17 reporting, (see reference portal)
- Cat.: Abundance categories: C = common, R = rare, V = very rare, P = present
- Motivation categories: IV, V: Annex Species (Habitats Directive), A: National Red List data; B: Endemics; C: International Conventions; D: other reasons
4. SITE DESCRIPTION
Back to top4.1 General site character
|
Habitat class
|
% Cover
|
|---|
| N06 | 0.71 |
| N08 | 35.93 |
| N09 | 1.71 |
| N15 | 4.59 |
| N16 | 0.01 |
| N17 | 48.73 |
| N18 | 4.73 |
| N22 | 3.33 |
| N23 | 0.26 |
Total Habitat Cover | 99.99999999999998 |
|---|
Other Site Characteristics
| Ghiona is the highest mountain in South Greece (2510 m) and the fifth highest in Greece.From a geological point of view, Mt. Ghiona belongs to the geotectonic zone of "Parnasos-Ghiona" having limestone as the main geological substrate (the total thickness of the limestone layer is estimated to be about 1800 m and only in some parts of the surface flysch and conglomerate deposits occur. A main element of the above series is the existence of many karstic formations and three horizons of bauxite intercalating in the continuous limestone series. From a geomorphological point of view, there are three main mountain crests converging to the highest peak (pyramid). The most important of these is the one to the south with a length of 13 km. On both sides of the crest a ravine occurs, Reka to the left and Lazorema to the right. This whole geological feature posseses significant ecological importance. The ravine of Reka (12 km long) is characterized by large steep slopes, and seasonal rushing water, whereas Lazorema is 4 km long with high slopes (1000-1200m alt.). In addition to these, many plateaux and conglomerate areas exist.In the above geological substrates there is a variety of vegetation types with dominant species being Abies cephalonica extending from 800-1800 m altitude. In the lower areas there are formations of evergreen broadleaved species, with main representatives being Quercus coccifera, Juniperus oxycedrus, while in some areas there are individuals of Quercus pubescens and Ostrya carpinifolia. Apart from these taxa, in some parts the north-west mountain range small formations of Platanus orientalis and Salix alba occur. Above the limits of the Abies cephalonica forest, grazing areas occur (stepped grasslands). Also Juniperus formations exist, with dominant species being Juniperus communis subsp. Alpina. Finally, in the rocky formations and conglomerates adapted plant associations occur. Endemism is quite a common phenomenon on this mountain: a plant species being strictly endemic to Mt. Ghiona: Arenaria gionaea; another 10 other species that occur on Mt. Ghiona all distributed in mountains of Central Greece, 14 species distributed in Central & South Greece, 13 species with a wider distribution in Central Greece, Peloponnisos, Crete, Epiros, and Macedonia, 7 species rare in Greece, and five species of W. Asia whose distributions reach Greece. |
4.2 Quality and importance
| The presence of a great number of endemic or important species (e.g., Arenaria gionaea, etc.) in the mountain range of Ghiona, especially in the rocky formations of its summits and the steep slopes of the ravines, makes the area of great ecological importance. This is also confirmed by the rediscovery of Solenanthus stamineus, a plant species considered almost extinct from Europe, as it was not found on Mt. Chelmos during recent years, although it was found recently on Mt. Killini. Consequently, measures must be taken for the protection and conservation of this species. The following species have been allocated motivation D for the following reasons: Euphorbia capitulata, a rare species endemic to the Balkan peninsula; Cynoglottis barrelieri subsp. serpentinicola, a mountainous plant of rocky places distributed on the Mts. of Sterea Ellada, N Pindhos and North Cental in Greece, but also in Yugoslavia and SC Anatolia, which is included in the IUCN Red Data Book within the category "Rare"; Arabis bryoides, which is rare and occurs only in Greece, Albania and Yugoslavia. Moreover to the above mentioned taxa incorporated in Motivation D, some comments must be made on the geographical distribution of the rest species which belong to the following categories: a) Balkan endemics: Poa thessala, Minuartia stellata, Acer heldreichi, Dianthus integer subsp. minutiflorus, Arabis bryoides, Arenaria conferta subsp. conferta, Crocus veluchensis, Cirsium appendiculatum, Verbascum graecum b) Species distributed in the Balkan peninsula and Anatolia: Acantholimon echinus subsp. echinus, Saxifraga sibthorpii. c) The remaining species present an interesting distribution range. Some of the above mentioned species are incorporated in one of the IUCN Red Data Book categories (WCMC 1993) : Allium phtioticum (R), Aquilegia ottonis subsp. ottonis (R), Astragalus lacteus (R), Convolvulus libanoticus (R), Solenanthus stamineus (nt). Concerning the vertebrate fauna (excluding birds), some of the species recorded in this site are listed in Annex II of the Directive 92/43/E.E.C (see section 3.2). The wolf Canis lupus, which is a priority species of this Directive, is present in the extended forest of the northern Gkiona mountain crest that connects the mountains of eastern central Greece with the Pindos mountain range, and permits these animals to move from one area to another. The special ecological significance of this site is also evident by the existence of the Chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica, in the cliffs of the alpine zone. It is necessary to mention that this taxon is known to occur on only 10 mountains of central and northern Greece.The wolf and the chamois are also threatened species in Greece, placed in the threat category "Vulnerable" and "Rare" respectively, according to the Red Data Book; both animals are also evaluated by the Bern Convention.The quality of the site is strenghtened by the presence of some Other and Greek Important vertebrate species (section 3.3). The toad Bufo viridis and the colubrid snake Coronella austriaca are additionally marked with D since they are mentioned by the CORINE-Biotopes Project. The Wild Boar is indicated with D since one of its southernmost Greek populations lives in this site. From a zoological point of view, it is necessary to focus on the following:a) The occurrence of the largest Chamois flock.b) The permanent presence of the wolf. This fact is significant since the species is becoming extinct. Greece is one of the only three European countries maintaining viable wolf populations, but of unknown size.c) The distribution areas of the Roe Deer, Wild Boar and Chamois show their southernmost limits in this site. For the Chamois this site is the southernmost in Europe.d) The fact that Gkiona is an EC Important Bird Area. The invertebrate species listed in section 3.3 with motivation C is protected by the Bern Convention. The invertebrate species listed in section 3.3 with motivation D are protected by the Greek Presidential Decree 67/1981 and one of them by the IUCN Red List. |
4.3 Threats, pressures and activities with impacts on the site
The most important impacts and activities with high effect on the site
| Negative Impacts |
|---|
| Rank | Threats and pressures [code] | Pollution (optional) [code] | inside/outside [i|o|b] |
|---|
| L | A01 | | o |
| H | A04 | | o |
| H | A04 | | i |
| L | A04.01 | | I |
| L | A04.01.01 | | I |
| L | A04.01.02 | | I |
| H | A04.02 | | i |
| M | A10.01 | | b |
| H | C01.04.01 | | I |
| H | C01.04.01 | | o |
| H | C01.04.02 | | I |
| M | D01.02 | | I |
| H | D01.02 | | i |
| H | D01.02 | | o |
| L | E04 | | i |
| H | F03.01 | | o |
| L | F03.01 | | I |
| H | F03.01 | | i |
| H | F03.02 | | i |
| H | F03.02.03 | | I |
| L | F04 | | i |
| M | F05.04 | | I |
| L | G01.04 | | i |
| M | G05.01 | | i |
| H | G05.01 | | o |
| H | H06.01 | | o |
| H | H06.01 | | i |
| H | J02.01 | | o |
| H | J02.01.03 | | o |
| H | J03.01.01 | | I |
| H | K01.01 | | i |
| H | K01.02 | | o |
| H | K01.02 | | i |
| H | K03.06 | | I |
| M | L09 | | b |
| L | U | | b |
| L | X | | b |
| Positive Impacts |
|---|
| Rank | Activities, management [code] | Pollution (optional) [code] | inside/outside [i|o|b] |
|---|
| L | U | | b |
Rank: H = high, M = medium, L = low
Pollution: N = Nitrogen input, P = Phosphor/Phosphate input, A = Acid input/acidification,
T = toxic inorganic chemicals, O = toxic organic chemicals, X = Mixed pollutions
i = inside, o = outside, b = both
4.4 Ownership (optional)
No information provided
4.5 Documentation (optional)
No information provided
5. SITE PROTECTION STATUS
Back to top5.1 Designation types at national and regional level (optional):
5.2 Relation of the described site with other sites (optional):
Designated at national or regional level:
|
Type code
|
Site name
|
Type
|
Cover [%]
|
|---|
| GR95 | Rikas-Gourlomyta-Gkiona (Prosiliou) | * | 13.81 |
| GR95 | Lefkaditiou (Sykeas) | * | 13.12 |
| GR95 | Dasiko symplegma NA Gkionas (Vounichoras-Amfissas-Agias Efthymias) | * | 0.01 |
5.3 Site designation (optional)
No information provided
6. SITE MANAGEMENT
Back to top6.1 Body(ies) responsible for the site management:
No information provided
6.2 Management Plan(s):
An actual management plan does exist:
|
Yes
| |
| No, but in preparation |
X | No |
6.3 Conservation measures (optional)
No information provided
7. MAP OF THE SITE
Back to top
No information provided
SITE DISPLAY