For Special Protection Areas (SPA),
Proposed Sites for Community Importance (pSCI),
Sites of Community Importance (SCI) and
for Special Areas of Conservation (SAC)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• 1. SITE IDENTIFICATION
• 2. SITE LOCATION
• 3. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
• 4. SITE DESCRIPTION
• 5. SITE PROTECTION STATUS
• 6. SITE MANAGEMENT
• 7. MAP OF THE SITE

1. SITE IDENTIFICATION

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1.1 Type

C

1.2 Site code

SE0230067

1.3 Site name

Tåkern

1.4 First Compilation date

1995-08

1.5 Update date

2010-05

1.6 Respondent:

Name/Organisation:	Länsstyrelsen i Östergötlands län
Address:
Email:	ostergotland@lansstyrelsen.se

1.7 Site indication and designation / classification dates

Date site classified as SPA:	1996-03
National legal reference of SPA designation	Governmental act M96/867/4

Date site proposed as SCI:	1995-12
Date site confirmed as SCI:	2005-01
Date site designated as SAC:	2011-03
National legal reference of SAC designation:	Governmental act M2010/4648/Nm

2. SITE LOCATION

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2.1 Site-centre location [decimal degrees]:

Longitude:	14.813500
Latitude:	58.352100

2.2 Area [ha]

5395.1000

2.3 Marine area [%]

0.0000

2.4 Sitelength [km] (optional):

No information provided

2.5 Administrative region code and name

No information provided

2.6 Biogeographical Region(s)

Boreal

(100.00 %)

3. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

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3.1 Habitat types present on the site and assessment for them

Annex I Habitat types						Site assessment
Code	PF	NP	Cover [ha]	Cave [number]	Data quality	A|B|C|D	A|B|C
						Representativity	Relative Surface	Conservation	Global
3150			4430	0.00	P	A	B	A	A
6410			430	0.00	P	A	C	A	A
6430			54	0.00	P	B	C	B	B
91E0			25	0.00	P	B	C	B	B

• PF: for the habitat types that can have a non-priority as well as a priority form (6210, 7130, 9430) enter "X" in the column PF to indicate the priority form.
• NP: in case that a habitat type no longer exists in the site enter: x (optional)
• Cover: decimal values can be entered
• Caves: for habitat types 8310, 8330 (caves) enter the number of caves if estimated surface is not available.
• Data quality: G = 'Good' (e.g. based on surveys); M = 'Moderate' (e.g. based on partial data with some extrapolation); P = 'Poor' (e.g. rough estimation)

3.2 Species referred to in Article 4 of Directive 2009/147/EC and listed in Annex II of Directive 92/43/EEC and site evaluation for them

Species					Population in the site						Site assessment
G	Code	Scientific Name	S	NP	T	Size		Unit	Cat.	D.qual.	A|B|C|D	A|B|C
						Min	Max				Pop.	Con.	Iso.	Glo.
B	A298	Acrocephalus arundinaceus			r	200	260	p		G	C	A	C	B
B	A054	Anas acuta			c	51	200	i		M	C	A	C	C
B	A054	Anas acuta			r	1	2	p		G	C	A	C	C
B	A056	Anas clypeata			r	11	50	p		G	C	A	C	C
B	A056	Anas clypeata			c	51	100	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A050	Anas penelope			r	1	5	p		G	C	A	C	C
B	A050	Anas penelope			c	5000	15000	i		M	C	A	C	C
B	A055	Anas querquedula			c	5	50	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A055	Anas querquedula			r	11	20	p		G	C	A	C	C
B	A051	Anas strepera			c	2000	3000	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A051	Anas strepera			r	51	100	p		G	C	A	C	C
B	A041	Anser albifrons			c	101	300	i		G	C	A	C	B
B	A043	Anser anser			r	101	500	p		G	B	A	C	B
B	A043	Anser anser			c	12000	20000	i		G	B	A	C	B
B	A040	Anser brachyrhynchus			c	101	200	i		G	C	A	C	B
B	A039	Anser fabalis			c	10000	15000	i		G	B	A	C	B
B	A028	Ardea cinerea			c	11	50	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A222	Asio flammeus			c	1	2	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A222	Asio flammeus			w	1	2	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A059	Aythya ferina			c	10000	30000	i		M	C	A	C	B
B	A059	Aythya ferina			r	51	100	p		G	C	A	C	B
B	A061	Aythya fuligula			r	11	50	p		G	C	A	C	C
B	A061	Aythya fuligula			c	3000	6000	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A021	Botaurus stellaris			r	41	50	males		G	B	A	C	A
B	A044	Branta canadensis			c	1000	6000	i		M	C	A	C	B
B	A044	Branta canadensis			r	6	10	p		G	C	A	C	B
B	A045	Branta leucopsis			c	501	3000	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A067	Bucephala clangula			r	11	50	p		G	C	A	C	C
B	A067	Bucephala clangula			c	2000	5000	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A466	Calidris alpina schinzii			c	1	2	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A147	Calidris ferruginea			c	11	50	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A145	Calidris minuta			c	51	100	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A146	Calidris temminckii			c	11	50	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A197	Chlidonias niger			r	11	30	p		G	A	A	B	A
B	A081	Circus aeruginosus			r	41	50	p		G	B	A	C	A
B	A082	Circus cyaneus			w	11	20	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A082	Circus cyaneus			c	11	20	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A084	Circus pygargus			r	1	2	i		G	C	A	B	A
B	A207	Columba oenas			p				P	DD	C	A	C	B
B	A037	Cygnus columbianus bewickii			c	1	10	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A038	Cygnus cygnus			c	101	300	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A036	Cygnus olor			r	51	100	p		G	C	A	C	B
B	A036	Cygnus olor			c	2000	4000	i		M	C	A	C	B
I	1081	Dytiscus latissimus			p				P	DD	C	A	C	B
B	A098	Falco columbarius			c	1	5	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A098	Falco columbarius			w	1	5	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A099	Falco subbuteo			r	5	7	p		G	C	A	C	C
B	A099	Falco subbuteo			c	11	50	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A125	Fulica atra			r	101	300	p		M	C	A	C	B
B	A125	Fulica atra			c	10000	30000	i		M	C	A	C	B
B	A154	Gallinago media			c	5	10	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A154	Gallinago media			r	1	2	p		G	C	A	C	A
B	A002	Gavia arctica			c	1	10	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A127	Grus grus			c	5000	10000	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A127	Grus grus			r	21	30	p		G	C	A	C	A
B	A130	Haematopus ostralegus			c	11	30	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A130	Haematopus ostralegus			r	1	5	p		G	C	A	C	C
B	A338	Lanius collurio			r	6	10	p		G	C	A	C	A
B	A179	Larus ridibundus			c	5000	10000	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A179	Larus ridibundus			r	2000	3000	p		G	C	A	C	C
I	1042	Leucorrhinia pectoralis			p				C	DD	C	A	C	B
B	A157	Limosa lapponica			c	11	50	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A156	Limosa limosa			c	1	5	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A156	Limosa limosa			r	1	2	p		G	C	A	C	C
B	A272	Luscinia svecica			c	11	50	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A068	Mergus albellus			c	51	200	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A070	Mergus merganser			c	101	500	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A260	Motacilla flava			p	11	20	p		G	C	A	C	B
B	A160	Numenius arquata			c	11	50	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A094	Pandion haliaetus			r	5	8	p		G	C	A	C	A
B	A072	Pernis apivorus			r	1	2	p		G	C	A	C	A
B	A391	Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis			c	300	500	i		G	C	A	C	B
B	A170	Phalaropus lobatus			c	1	5	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A151	Philomachus pugnax			r	1	2	p		G	C	A	C	A
B	A151	Philomachus pugnax			c	101	500	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A140	Pluvialis apricaria			c	101	250	i		G	C	A	C	B
B	A141	Pluvialis squatarola			c	11	100	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A007	Podiceps auritus			c	5	10	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A007	Podiceps auritus			r	1	2	p		G	C	A	C	A
B	A006	Podiceps grisegena			r	31	50	p		G	C	A	C	B
B	A119	Porzana porzana			r	1	5	males		G	C	A	C	A
B	A336	Remiz pendulinus			p	1	2	i		DD	C	A	C	B
B	A190	Sterna caspia			c	11	50	i		G	C	A	B	A
B	A193	Sterna hirundo			r	101	200	p		G	C	A	C	A
B	A161	Tringa erythropus			c	101	200	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A166	Tringa glareola			r	1	2	p		G	C	A	C	A
B	A166	Tringa glareola			c	501	1000	i		G	C	A	C	A
B	A164	Tringa nebularia			c	101	200	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A165	Tringa ochropus			c	51	100	i		G	C	A	C	C
B	A162	Tringa totanus			c	51	100	i		G	C	A	C	B
B	A162	Tringa totanus			r	11	20	p		G	C	A	C	B
A	1166	Triturus cristatus			p	1	100	i		M	C	A	C	B
I	1014	Vertigo angustior			p				P	DD	C	A	C	B
I	1013	Vertigo geyeri			p				R	DD	C	A	A	B

• Group: A = Amphibians, B = Birds, F = Fish, I = Invertebrates, M = Mammals, P = Plants, R = Reptiles
• S: in case that the data on species are sensitive and therefore have to be blocked for any public access enter: yes
• NP: in case that a species is no longer present in the site enter: x (optional)
• Type: p = permanent, r = reproducing, c = concentration, w = wintering (for plant and non-migratory species use permanent)
• Unit: i = individuals, p = pairs or other units according to the Standard list of population units and codes in accordance with Article 12 and 17 reporting (see reference portal)
• Abundance categories (Cat.): C = common, R = rare, V = very rare, P = present - to fill if data are deficient (DD) or in addition to population size information
• Data quality: G = 'Good' (e.g. based on surveys); M = 'Moderate' (e.g. based on partial data with some extrapolation); P = 'Poor' (e.g. rough estimation); VP = 'Very poor' (use this category only, if not even a rough estimation of the population size can be made, in this case the fields for population size can remain empty, but the field "Abundance categories" has to be filled in)

3.3 Other important species of flora and fauna (optional)

No information provided

4. SITE DESCRIPTION

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4.1 General site character

Habitat class	% Cover
N06	82.00
N10	9.00
N15	1.00
N19	8.00
Total Habitat Cover	100

Other Site Characteristics

Tåkern is one of the best lakes for birds in the north of Europe. A big number of birds breed at the lake and a large amount stop for resting on their way north or south in spring and fall. Around the lake there are widespread pastures with a rich flora and fauna. Tåkern lies in the open farming land close to the mountain Omberg and the big lake Vättern.AFTER THE ICE AGE .....Lake Tåkern was formed when it became landlocked from the Yoldia Sea about 10000 years ago. The water was poor in nutrients and was as much as 12 meters deep. During the following thousands of years the lake gradually became shallower with the accumulation of organic sediments. The more shallow inlets became marshland and about 5000 years ago Dags Mosse (bog) was formed at the south-western end of the lake. Lake Tåkern's outflow into Lake Vättern was then what is known today as Ålebäcken, south of Omberg Hill.About 30 Stone Age settlements have been found around Lake Tåkern, evidence showing that the area was exploited for hunting and fishing. The earliest trace of human activity is represented by a bone harpoon which could be as much as 9000 years old.THE LOWERING OF THE WATER LEVELDuring the 19th century many lakes were partially drained in order to create new pastures and fields. During the years 1842 - 44 the water level of Lake Tåkern was lowered by 1.7 meters by deepening Mjölnaån, its northern outflow into Lake Vättern. This left a depth of only 0.8m, which was the start for Lake Tåkern as a bird lake. The reedbeds around the lake became more extensive and the water meadows around the shores well grazed. The history of Tåkern as a bird lake goes back to no more than 150 years.REGULATION OF THE WATER LEVELAfter alternating droughts and floods during the first half of the 20th century, the water level became regulated by means of a sluice on Mjölnaån, the lake's outflow. According to water rights, the water level is allowed to fluctuate by about 45 cm annually, the highest being in the spring and the lowest water level in late summer. Spring floods are an important part of the annual rhythm of the water meadows.THE WATERThe limestone found north of Lake Tåkern has caused the water and surrounding soils to be alkaline. The water is also rich in nutrients but despite this it it often clear. Most of the nutrients are absorbed by the water vegetation and small planktonic algae seldom dominate. The vegetation on the bottom is dominated by whorled algae, but the plant life also includes Fan-leaved Water Crowfoot and several species of pondweed. In these "underwater forests" there is a wealth of fish fry, crustaceans and aquatic insects.THE REEDBEDSThe reedbeds around Lake Tåkern are the largest in Northern Europe. They really began to spread at the beginning of the 20th century to an area equivalent to about 2400 football pitches. They are most extensive in the western part of the lake which is more protected from wind. The reedbeds seethe with life, an intensity of insects and birds. The reeds provide protection and plenty of food. Some of the reeds are harvested in the winter for thatched roofs.THE WATER MEADOWSLake Tåkern's water meadows comprise about 1112 acres which have been created through grazing and mowing over a long period of time. The water meadows are alkaline with a very rich flora, including Birdseye Primrose, Yellow Iris, Dune Gentian and many orchids, e.g. Fly Orchid, Early Marsh Orchid and Musk Orchid. In many places inside the reedbed there are stretches of open water - the "Blue Border". This habitat is important for waders and ducks. In order to preserve the biological diversity of the meadows and prevent overgrowth it is vital to continually graze or cut them for hay.THE INSECT LIFE OF TÅKERNLake Tåkern's many habitats give rise to a rich insect life. Common dragonflies are the Four-spotted Chaser and various Darters. Among the most common beetles in the woodlands along the shore is a Rove Be

4.2 Quality and importance

The lake Tåkern is of national interest and is also on the RAMSAR-list. A large amount of birds breed at the lake. It is also very important as a resting site for migratory birds, more than 20 000 birds rest at the lake. The Molina-meadows around the lake have an excellent flora and fauna.

4.3 Threats, pressures and activities with impacts on the site

The most important impacts and activities with high effect on the site

4.4 Ownership (optional)

No information provided

4.5 Documentation (optional)

Svampar i 13 naturreservat och 118 andra värdefulla hagmarker och lövskogar i Östergötlands län. Report 1995:9, Länsstyrelsen, Linköping.Binder 09-205 parts 1-6, Ödeshög, Tåkerns NR, Länsstyrelsen i Östergötlands län.Fieldwork 1995. Report to the Tåkernfound WWF. Tåkern Fieldobservatory 1995.

5. SITE PROTECTION STATUS

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5.1 Designation types at national and regional level (optional):

Code	Cover [%]
SE02	100.00

5.2 Relation of the described site with other sites (optional):

Designated at national or regional level:

Type code	Site name	Type	Cover [%]
SE02	Tåkern	=	100.00

Designated at international level:

Type	Site name	Type	Cover [%]
ramsar	Tåkern	=	100.00

5.3 Site designation (optional)

No information provided

6. SITE MANAGEMENT

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6.1 Body(ies) responsible for the site management:

Organisation:	Länsstyrelsen i Östergötlands län
Address:
Email:	ostergotland@lansstyrelsen.se

6.2 Management Plan(s):

An actual management plan does exist:

X	Yes	Name: Tåkern Link: http://skyddadnatur.naturvardsverket.se/
	No, but in preparation
	No

6.3 Conservation measures (optional)

The main purpose of the nature reserve is to maintain the attraction of Tåkern as an important place to birds as a place for breeding and resting during the migration. It is also important to maintain the other flora and fauna living in the area.See managment plans in binder 09-205 parts 1-6, Ödeshög, Tåkerns NR, Länsstyrelsen i Östergötlands län.

 

7. MAP OF THE SITE

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INSPIRE ID:	SE.SWEPA.SE0230067
Map delivered as PDF in electronic format (optional)
Yes X No

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SITE DISPLAY